Analysis and application of energy storage battery technology -Lithium - Ion Battery Equipment
Energy storage has been rated as one of the top ten new technologies that may change the world in the future by the Davos Economic Forum. Energy storage batteries are the most active field of research and development and application of energy storage technology. At present, energy storage battery technology is developing rapidly. Once a breakthrough is made, it will have a major impact on the development of new energy, power grid operation control, and terminal energy consumption methods. In the future, energy storage battery technology will be widely used in the new generation of power systems.
▌New energy storage battery technology has become the hot spot and technological frontier of current research and development
Existing commercial battery technologies include lithium-ion batteries, lead-acid batteries, nickel-metal hydride/cadmium batteries, sodium-sulfur/nickel batteries, etc. These battery technologies are mature and have been widely used in electric vehicles, mobile phones, notebook computers, wind farm energy storage systems, Power grid frequency modulation, distributed power supply and micro-grid and other fields.
At present, there are more than 30 new energy storage batteries in the stages of commercial and demonstration applications, laboratory research and development, or conceptual design. Among them, the battery technologies that have been demonstrated and applied include ternary material lithium-ion batteries, all-vanadium/zinc-bromine flow batteries, lead-carbon batteries, super capacitor batteries, etc.;
The battery technologies in the research and development stage of the laboratory include new-generation lithium-ion batteries such as graphene/lithium-sulfur/lithium-air batteries, new-generation flow batteries such as semi-solid/non-thin films, metal-air batteries such as aluminum/zinc, sodium/magnesium-ion batteries, Liquid metal batteries, etc.; graphene supercapacitor batteries, double carbon batteries, nano-micro batteries, organic batteries, etc. are in the conceptual design stage. These new energy storage battery technologies have become the current research and development hotspot and technological frontier. In the future, it is expected to greatly improve the performance of energy storage batteries and promote the large-scale application of energy storage batteries.
Semi-solid flow batteries combine the advantages of lithium-ion and flow batteries, and will achieve a qualitative leap in improving battery energy and power density, reducing volume, and reducing costs. At present, the Massachusetts Institute of Technology has developed a semi-solid flow battery with an energy density of 250 Wh/kg, which is more than 10 times higher than the current flow battery, and the cost is only 100 to 250 US dollars/kWh, which is 70% lower than the current one. above.
Graphene lithium batteries are made of high-conductivity, ultra-light graphene, and use the characteristics of lithium ions that can quickly shuttle between the graphene surface and electrodes to shorten the charging time to minutes. Spain's Graphenano Company and the University of Corvado jointly developed the world's first graphene battery for electric vehicles. It only takes 8 minutes to charge and has a cruising range of 1,000 kilometers. The theoretical energy density of lithium-sulfur batteries can reach 2600 Wh/kg, which is 8 to 10 times that of traditional lithium-ion batteries.
The energy densities of lithium-sulfur batteries developed by Polyplus of the United States and the Fraunhofer Institute for Materials and Beams in Germany have reached 420 Wh/kg and 600 Wh/kg. The aluminum-air battery uses air as the positive electrode and aluminum as the negative electrode, and releases energy through the chemical reaction between aluminum and oxygen. The energy density of the battery can theoretically reach 8100 Wh/kg, ranking first among various battery energy densities. Israel's Phinergy Company has developed an aluminum-air test battery for electric vehicles, with an energy density of over 800 Wh/kg and a cruising range of 1,600 kilometers.(Lithium - Ion Battery Equipment)
▌Li-ion and flow batteries are expected to become the mainstream technology of energy storage batteries in the future
Lithium-ion batteries are currently the most concerned energy storage technology. According to statistics from the US Department of Energy, by the end of 2016, the installed capacity of energy storage in the US, Japan, the European Union and China accounted for 94% of the total installed capacity in the world, and the number of demonstrations of electrochemical energy storage was nearly 100. items, the number of items accounted for 53%.
Among the number of electrochemical energy storage demonstration projects, lithium-ion batteries accounted for the highest proportion, reaching 48%, ranking the highest among battery energy storage. In the future, the new generation of lithium-ion battery technology will bring fundamental changes to battery safety, energy density, charging time and other indicators, and it will have broad applications in the fields of power grid peak regulation and frequency modulation, electric vehicles, and commercial/domestic energy storage systems. prospect.
Flow batteries have the advantages of large capacity and low cost, and can build economical and reliable energy storage power stations above 100,000 kilowatts, providing important support for improving the flexibility of power grid dispatching control and large-scale development of new energy. The construction and operation of energy storage power stations in large energy bases, central substations, load centers, and power grid terminals can provide various auxiliary services such as peak regulation, frequency regulation, and voltage regulation. It plays an important role in power grid emergencies and other aspects. The deployment of a large-capacity liquid flow energy storage system in the new energy power generation base can effectively stabilize the fluctuation of new energy power generation output, flexibly track the power generation plan curve, and promote new energy power generation to become the main power source.
Based on the judgment of the International Renewable Energy Agency, the International Energy Agency and other institutions, lithium-ion and flow batteries will break through the technical bottleneck around 2030, and the overall performance of the battery will be comprehensively improved, becoming the mainstream battery technology with the most large-scale commercial prospects, accounting for the The proportion of energy storage battery capacity will exceed 50%, which will greatly promote the development and application of energy storage battery technology.
▌Innovative development of various energy storage battery technologies will play an important role in the new generation of power system
With the development and wide application of various battery energy storage technologies in the future, energy storage batteries will be applied to all links of the power system "generation, transmission, distribution, use, and regulation", which may change the production, transportation and use methods of the existing power system , to help the traditional power system transform into a new generation of power system that is "extensively interconnected, intelligently interactive, flexible, safe and controllable".
On the power generation side, lithium-ion batteries and flow batteries will become important energy storage technologies to support the large-scale development of new energy, and promote new energy to become the main power source of the new generation of power systems. As of the end of 2017, the total grid-connected capacity of wind power and photovoltaic power generation in my country reached 293 million kilowatts, accounting for 17% of the total power installed capacity. In the future, my country's new energy will also accelerate large-scale development.
According to the national non-fossil energy development goals and carbon emission reduction goals, considering the slowdown of hydropower and nuclear power installed capacity, the total installed capacity of wind power, photovoltaic power generation and other new energy power generation in the country must reach at least 880 million kilowatts by the end of 2030, which is the end of 2016. The installed capacity of new energy power generation is about 3.5 times, accounting for about 30% of the total power installed capacity.
In the future, a high proportion of new energy access will become the main feature of my country's new generation of power system. How to control large-scale new energy grid-connected operation needs to greatly improve the flexibility of the power system. Lithium-ion batteries and flow batteries will achieve further breakthroughs in performance such as short-term high-power output and fast response, effectively smoothing large-scale new energy power generation output fluctuations, flexibly tracking power generation plan output curves, and realizing new energy power plants that are observable and measurable , Controllable.
On the grid side, liquid flow batteries are favored as large-capacity grid-level energy storage power stations, which can provide a variety of auxiliary services for the grid and enhance the flexibility and security of grid dispatch control. Liquid flow batteries have the technical advantages of long cycle life, large capacity, fast response, and high safety. In the future, they are expected to replace lithium-ion energy storage power stations currently in operation and develop into grid-level energy storage power stations of 100,000 kilowatts and above. It provides a variety of auxiliary services such as peak regulation, frequency regulation, and voltage regulation, and plays a role in the adjustment of unbalanced power generation and consumption and in responding to power grid emergencies.
At the same time, the construction of large-capacity liquid flow energy storage power stations around large energy bases, central substations, load centers, and power grid terminals can give full play to the important role of energy storage power stations in different regions in alleviating local grid congestion and promoting power balance.
On the user side, lithium-ion batteries will become the mainstream technology to promote the development of distributed small battery energy storage systems, and new batteries can be used as a supplement to lithium-ion batteries. In the future, lithium-ion battery technology will make further breakthroughs, the energy density will be close to 600 Wh/kg, and the battery life will exceed 500 kilometers, which is about double that of the current one; the charging time will be shortened to less than 30 minutes, and the service life will reach 15 years, meeting the needs of small distributed Performance requirements for energy storage and mobile power supplies.
The new type of battery can be combined with lithium-ion batteries to achieve integrated applications in electric vehicles, household distributed energy storage and other fields. In the future, the application potential of distributed optical storage is great, and some users with small electricity demand and low dependence on the power grid may choose distributed optical storage system for independent power supply out of economic interests. There has already been a "user choice" in Hawaii, USA. Distributed optical storage + grid" power supply mode.
▌New energy storage battery technology has become the hot spot and technological frontier of current research and development
Existing commercial battery technologies include lithium-ion batteries, lead-acid batteries, nickel-metal hydride/cadmium batteries, sodium-sulfur/nickel batteries, etc. These battery technologies are mature and have been widely used in electric vehicles, mobile phones, notebook computers, wind farm energy storage systems, Power grid frequency modulation, distributed power supply and micro-grid and other fields.
At present, there are more than 30 new energy storage batteries in the stages of commercial and demonstration applications, laboratory research and development, or conceptual design. Among them, the battery technologies that have been demonstrated and applied include ternary material lithium-ion batteries, all-vanadium/zinc-bromine flow batteries, lead-carbon batteries, super capacitor batteries, etc.;
The battery technologies in the research and development stage of the laboratory include new-generation lithium-ion batteries such as graphene/lithium-sulfur/lithium-air batteries, new-generation flow batteries such as semi-solid/non-thin films, metal-air batteries such as aluminum/zinc, sodium/magnesium-ion batteries, Liquid metal batteries, etc.; graphene supercapacitor batteries, double carbon batteries, nano-micro batteries, organic batteries, etc. are in the conceptual design stage. These new energy storage battery technologies have become the current research and development hotspot and technological frontier. In the future, it is expected to greatly improve the performance of energy storage batteries and promote the large-scale application of energy storage batteries.
Semi-solid flow batteries combine the advantages of lithium-ion and flow batteries, and will achieve a qualitative leap in improving battery energy and power density, reducing volume, and reducing costs. At present, the Massachusetts Institute of Technology has developed a semi-solid flow battery with an energy density of 250 Wh/kg, which is more than 10 times higher than the current flow battery, and the cost is only 100 to 250 US dollars/kWh, which is 70% lower than the current one. above.
Graphene lithium batteries are made of high-conductivity, ultra-light graphene, and use the characteristics of lithium ions that can quickly shuttle between the graphene surface and electrodes to shorten the charging time to minutes. Spain's Graphenano Company and the University of Corvado jointly developed the world's first graphene battery for electric vehicles. It only takes 8 minutes to charge and has a cruising range of 1,000 kilometers. The theoretical energy density of lithium-sulfur batteries can reach 2600 Wh/kg, which is 8 to 10 times that of traditional lithium-ion batteries.
The energy densities of lithium-sulfur batteries developed by Polyplus of the United States and the Fraunhofer Institute for Materials and Beams in Germany have reached 420 Wh/kg and 600 Wh/kg. The aluminum-air battery uses air as the positive electrode and aluminum as the negative electrode, and releases energy through the chemical reaction between aluminum and oxygen. The energy density of the battery can theoretically reach 8100 Wh/kg, ranking first among various battery energy densities. Israel's Phinergy Company has developed an aluminum-air test battery for electric vehicles, with an energy density of over 800 Wh/kg and a cruising range of 1,600 kilometers.(Lithium - Ion Battery Equipment)
▌Li-ion and flow batteries are expected to become the mainstream technology of energy storage batteries in the future
Lithium-ion batteries are currently the most concerned energy storage technology. According to statistics from the US Department of Energy, by the end of 2016, the installed capacity of energy storage in the US, Japan, the European Union and China accounted for 94% of the total installed capacity in the world, and the number of demonstrations of electrochemical energy storage was nearly 100. items, the number of items accounted for 53%.
Among the number of electrochemical energy storage demonstration projects, lithium-ion batteries accounted for the highest proportion, reaching 48%, ranking the highest among battery energy storage. In the future, the new generation of lithium-ion battery technology will bring fundamental changes to battery safety, energy density, charging time and other indicators, and it will have broad applications in the fields of power grid peak regulation and frequency modulation, electric vehicles, and commercial/domestic energy storage systems. prospect.
Flow batteries have the advantages of large capacity and low cost, and can build economical and reliable energy storage power stations above 100,000 kilowatts, providing important support for improving the flexibility of power grid dispatching control and large-scale development of new energy. The construction and operation of energy storage power stations in large energy bases, central substations, load centers, and power grid terminals can provide various auxiliary services such as peak regulation, frequency regulation, and voltage regulation. It plays an important role in power grid emergencies and other aspects. The deployment of a large-capacity liquid flow energy storage system in the new energy power generation base can effectively stabilize the fluctuation of new energy power generation output, flexibly track the power generation plan curve, and promote new energy power generation to become the main power source.
Based on the judgment of the International Renewable Energy Agency, the International Energy Agency and other institutions, lithium-ion and flow batteries will break through the technical bottleneck around 2030, and the overall performance of the battery will be comprehensively improved, becoming the mainstream battery technology with the most large-scale commercial prospects, accounting for the The proportion of energy storage battery capacity will exceed 50%, which will greatly promote the development and application of energy storage battery technology.
▌Innovative development of various energy storage battery technologies will play an important role in the new generation of power system
With the development and wide application of various battery energy storage technologies in the future, energy storage batteries will be applied to all links of the power system "generation, transmission, distribution, use, and regulation", which may change the production, transportation and use methods of the existing power system , to help the traditional power system transform into a new generation of power system that is "extensively interconnected, intelligently interactive, flexible, safe and controllable".
On the power generation side, lithium-ion batteries and flow batteries will become important energy storage technologies to support the large-scale development of new energy, and promote new energy to become the main power source of the new generation of power systems. As of the end of 2017, the total grid-connected capacity of wind power and photovoltaic power generation in my country reached 293 million kilowatts, accounting for 17% of the total power installed capacity. In the future, my country's new energy will also accelerate large-scale development.
According to the national non-fossil energy development goals and carbon emission reduction goals, considering the slowdown of hydropower and nuclear power installed capacity, the total installed capacity of wind power, photovoltaic power generation and other new energy power generation in the country must reach at least 880 million kilowatts by the end of 2030, which is the end of 2016. The installed capacity of new energy power generation is about 3.5 times, accounting for about 30% of the total power installed capacity.
In the future, a high proportion of new energy access will become the main feature of my country's new generation of power system. How to control large-scale new energy grid-connected operation needs to greatly improve the flexibility of the power system. Lithium-ion batteries and flow batteries will achieve further breakthroughs in performance such as short-term high-power output and fast response, effectively smoothing large-scale new energy power generation output fluctuations, flexibly tracking power generation plan output curves, and realizing new energy power plants that are observable and measurable , Controllable.
On the grid side, liquid flow batteries are favored as large-capacity grid-level energy storage power stations, which can provide a variety of auxiliary services for the grid and enhance the flexibility and security of grid dispatch control. Liquid flow batteries have the technical advantages of long cycle life, large capacity, fast response, and high safety. In the future, they are expected to replace lithium-ion energy storage power stations currently in operation and develop into grid-level energy storage power stations of 100,000 kilowatts and above. It provides a variety of auxiliary services such as peak regulation, frequency regulation, and voltage regulation, and plays a role in the adjustment of unbalanced power generation and consumption and in responding to power grid emergencies.
At the same time, the construction of large-capacity liquid flow energy storage power stations around large energy bases, central substations, load centers, and power grid terminals can give full play to the important role of energy storage power stations in different regions in alleviating local grid congestion and promoting power balance.
On the user side, lithium-ion batteries will become the mainstream technology to promote the development of distributed small battery energy storage systems, and new batteries can be used as a supplement to lithium-ion batteries. In the future, lithium-ion battery technology will make further breakthroughs, the energy density will be close to 600 Wh/kg, and the battery life will exceed 500 kilometers, which is about double that of the current one; the charging time will be shortened to less than 30 minutes, and the service life will reach 15 years, meeting the needs of small distributed Performance requirements for energy storage and mobile power supplies.
The new type of battery can be combined with lithium-ion batteries to achieve integrated applications in electric vehicles, household distributed energy storage and other fields. In the future, the application potential of distributed optical storage is great, and some users with small electricity demand and low dependence on the power grid may choose distributed optical storage system for independent power supply out of economic interests. There has already been a "user choice" in Hawaii, USA. Distributed optical storage + grid" power supply mode.
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